Lipids pharmacognosy slideshare Jan 9, 2020 · 9. Steam is passed through the macerated mixture. Sulfoglycosphingolipids-These cerebrosides are also called sulfatides, They are simply cerebrosides with a sulfate residue on the sugar portion of glycolipid. Lipids are classified as simple/homolipids including fats/oils, waxes, and derived lipids including fatty acids, alcohols, and steroids. Acetate Mevalonate Pathway/lsoprenoid pathway:Isoprenoid represent functionally and structurallythe most diverse group metabolite. Pharmacognosy Lecture # 7+8 (Lipids) [By, Sir Tanveer Khan] - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Lipids are classified based on their chemical nature Mar 11, 2018 · 27. They are important as fuels, for insulation, and for absorbing vitamins. Feb 25, 2019 · 7. Aug 29, 2018 · Department of Pharmacy Pharmacognosy Laboratory Practicals 19 Lab. Adsorption chromatography When the stationary phase is solid the chromatography is called Adsorption chromatography. NARPAT SINGH COLLEGE OF PHARMACY Diploma in Pharmacy (Pharmacognosy) Chapter 2 Classification of Drugs Drugs are chemical constituents which are obtained by the natural herbal source or synthetic source Techinically and legally the termdrug are defined in India undwer Drugs and cosmetics Act of 1940. Oily Jan 12, 2015 · 2. 2009 • Kokate Jun 30, 2020 · 6. Definition: Lipids are a broad group of molecules which are esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, or of closely related derivatives. The Lipids are a heterogeneous group of compounds which are relatively insoluble in water, but freely soluble in nonpolar organic solvents like benzene, chloroform, ether, hot alcohol, acetone,etc. It studies the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs from natural origins. Lipids are heterogeneous group of compound related to fatty acid, fats, oils, waxes and other related substances. Specific lipids are then outlined, including their source, composition, properties, and some uses. Typically, a Soxhlet extraction is only required where the desired compound has a limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent. Mar 19, 2021 · Introduction • Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal uses of crude drugs obtained from plants and natural resources. 4. Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen; Greater than 2:1 ratio of H:O; Includes fats, oils, phospholipids, and cholesterol; Building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol. If the desired compound has a high solubility in a solvent then a simple filtration can be used to separate the Jul 25, 2023 · 18. Biological lipids are a chemically diverse group of organic compounds which are insoluble in water. C5H80) They consist of a complex mixture of terpenes or Jul 11, 2020 · Wool fat Topic presentation from Lipids(Waxes, fats and fixed oils), chapter from the subject PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1 of semester 3. txt) or view presentation slides online. g. oil of lemon), in perfumery (e. Lipids are hydrophobic in nature due to the predominance of hydrocarbon chains. oils is due to the oxygenated part Note:When Apr 3, 2021 · (b) Primary metabolites: General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation, evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic used and commercial utility as Pharmaceutical Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primary metabolites: (e) Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils) : Chaulmoogra oil, Read less Sep 5, 2024 · LIPID - Farmakognosi Fitokimia materi kajian - Download as a PDF or view online for free Tease and Evans Pharmaco Pharmacognosy. (Liquids) Oxidized hydrocarbon derived from shikimic acid phenylpropanoid pathway are called steareoptenes. alkaloids, glycosides, etc. Jun 25, 2023 · • Structural components in cells and Cell membranes (phospholipids and sterols). They provide energy reserves, predominantly in the form of triacylglycerols. PHARMACOGNOSY , HISTORY AND SCOPE Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from plants, animals and mineral kingdoms and constituents obtained therefrom. o Natural sources:- All the substances found in nature, comprising of whole plants, animals and their anatomical parts such as saps, extracts, secretions, glands and other constituents are known as natural substances. Apr 27, 2022 · ★ LIPIDS Lipid are heterogeneous group of biological molecules, relatively insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents like alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, etc. calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate. One gram of fat gives 9 K Calories are highly reduced compound, derivatives of fatty acids fatty acids are hydrocarbon derivatives, which are long chain carboxylic acids containing up to 24 carbon atoms the most common fatty acids in plants and animals are the even-numbered C16 and C18 species Jun 29, 2012 · 3. Lipids are widely distributed in nature and present in both plant and animals. Fixed oils are esters of fatty acids and glycerol that can be classified as drying, non-drying, or semi-drying based on their ability to oxidize when exposed to air. There are known many xanthophylls of which the most important are lutein and Jul 13, 2018 · This document provides information on lipids including their definition, importance, classification, properties, analysis methods, and quality evaluation. Pharmacognosy has many applications in drug development including standardization, quality control, and meeting export standards. They serve as structural components of biological membranes. Derived lipids (which qualify the general criteria but can not be grouped in above classes) – Steroids and carotenoids Jul 14, 2014 · 3. Atividades; Mar 17, 2022 · 6. De novo synthesis of fatty acids occurs in liver, kidney, adipose tissue & lactating mammary gland. Lipids are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvent such as benzene, ether, chloroform, acetone etc. Compound lipids (additional moiety other than alcohol and acid) – Phospholipids – Glycolipids – Lipoproteins 3. Seydler, a German scientist, in 1815 in his book Analecta Pharmacognostica. Ocurrance: this particular lipid is found primarily in the medulated nerve fibres. Their non-polar nature is due to the hydrocarbon chain. Apr 20, 2017 · Lipids Peanut cake or peanut oil meal is a rich source of proteins and contains about 39 - 45% of crude proteins. Made up of C, H and O Can exist as fats, oils and waxes They are insoluble in water They are a good source of energy (9 k cal / g ) They are poor conductors of heat Most fats & oils are triglycerides. Lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and include oils, fats, and waxes. May 24, 2018 · 3. • Depending upon methodology, other major food components, including lipids and carbohydrates, may interfere physically with analysis of food proteins. CLASSIFICATION OF CRUDE DRUGS:- o Crude Drugs:- These are naturally occurring unrefined substances collected from the ‘natural sources’ through the process of drying. pdf), Text File (. Lipids. The odour and taste of vol. There are about 100 commercially valuable volatile oils directly derived from plants. Xanthophylls are hydroxyl products of carotenoid hydrocarbons, which comprise a diverse group of oxygenated carotenoids with varied structures and complexes functions. Lipids pharmacognosy and phytochemistry Oct 13, 2018 · Therefore, the total organic nitrogen in foods would represent nitrogen primarily from proteins and to a lesser extent from all organic nitrogen-containing non-protein substances. 3. 2- End products of metabolism, e. The chief difference between these substances is the type of alcohol; in fixed oils and fats, glycerol combines with the fatty acids; in waxes, the alcohol has a higher molecular weight, e. PHRM321, Pharmacognosy Department, 2023 Oct 21, 2018 · The word lipid is derived from a Greek word “lipos” which means Fat. The document discusses various types of lipids, including fixed oils. e. 11k views • 20 slides Oct 5, 2017 · 6. Chemical Properties of teprenoids Terpenoids are the hydrocarbones of plant origin of the general formula (C5H8)n as well as their oxygenated, hydrogenated & dehydrogenated derivatives. it is prepared by sagar dhanday student of b. ) 16 B (Lipoproteins Sep 7, 2010 · It discusses major lipids like fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols, and lipoproteins. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) • Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L. They have characteristic odour and high refractive index 4. Metabolic pathways Primary metabolites: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, cellulose etc. The "biogeneticisoprene rule" is the basis for formation of variousisoprenoid compounds such as rubber, monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes, sterol, triterpenes, diterpenesUniversal precursor for all isoprenoids is Isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl Jun 12, 2013 · Types of Lipids • Lipids with fatty acids Waxes Fats and oils (trigycerides) Phospholipids Sphingolipids • Lipids without fatty acids Steroids Fatty Acids • Long-chain carboxylic acids • Insoluble in water • Typically 12-18 carbon atoms (even number) • Some contain double bonds corn oil contains 86% unsaturated fatty acids and 14% 1 SlideShare 1 Painel de recortes 2 Seguindos Seguindo Seguir. It is called as extramitochondrial or cytoplasmic fatty acid synthase system. As the oil can be damaged by direct boiling; therefore, steam is generated elsewhere and is conveyed into the container that keeps the drug. Feb 1, 2014 · Chapter 27. The roles of lipids in brain development, cancer prevention and various lipid-related disorders are highlighted. Even though the science of pharmacognosy has been practiced since the advent of mankind, the term Pharmacognosy was first used by C. Ver mais. In adsorption chromatography small differences in adsorption and desorption behavior of the substances between a moving solvent (mobile phase which may be a liquid or gas) at stationary phase are utilized to achieve the separation. During gel electrophoresis, an electric current is applied across a gel, causing negatively charged molecules to migrate toward the positive electrode and positively charged molecules to migrate toward the negative electrode. cinnamon or clove, the drug is ground. In case of dried material e. Biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. Shaharyar Khan 3rd Prof. oil of rose) or as starting materials for the synthesis of other Jan 23, 2012 · What Is a Lipid? Lipids are a broad group of naturally occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others. Structural components of biomembranes Serve as thermal insulators in the subcutaneous tissues and around certain organs Nonpolar lipids act as electrical insulators, allowing rapid propagation Oct 9, 2018 · Lipids - Download as a PDF or view online for free. About Lipids • Natural materials that preferentially extract into nonpolar organic solvents • Includes fats, oils, waxes, some vitamins and hormones, some components of membrane • General types: esters (“saponifiable”) and those that can’t be hydrolyzed Jun 12, 2013 · Lipids. It discusses the basic chemistry of lipids, describing them as esters of fatty acids and alcohols. Lipophilic bile acids aid in lipid Pharmacognosy Lecture # 7+8 (Lipids) [By, Sir Tanveer Khan] - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Not responsible for therapeutic activity Primary metabolic pathway: pathways followed for production of primary metabolites Secondary metabolites: not responsible for growth of plants Secondary metabolites: synthesized for adaptation by plants under stress conditions, toxic Mar 23, 2024 · This document provides an overview of plant metabolites. • The chief difference between these substances is the type of alcohol; • In fixed oils and fats, glycerol combines with the fatty acids; • In waxes, the alcohol has a Apr 6, 2020 · This PPT covers Pharmacognosy of drugs containing lipids. Specific fatty acids like saturated, unsaturated, omega-3 and omega-6 are explained. Lecture delivered by Muhammad Tanveer Khan to Batch:01093 (F09) in The University of Lahore, Pakistan. Aug 31, 2020 · Lipids •Lipids (fixed oils, fats, and waxes) are esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, or of closely related derivatives. Classification: The lipids may be divided into five classes according to their chemical Nov 4, 2021 · The lipids of physiological importance for humans have the following major functions: 1. Primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are essential for plant growth and development, while secondary metabolites like alkaloids and flavonoids are not essential for growth but play important roles in plant defense. pharm 4th sem. 3- Active constituents, e. Applied Pharmacognosy | Chromatography 3 Term Definition Solvent Mobile Liquid phase with no affinity to the stationary phase and no effect on solutes (inert) Developer any liquid with more affinity to the stationary phase than the solvent but less than solutes (move solutes through the column, in process called development) Development washing of the mixture from chromatogram Effluent any Apr 26, 2017 · Gel electrophoresis is a method to separate biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids based on their charge and size. A. In the crude form, it is used as cattle food or as raw material for preparation of proteinisolate Sep 28, 2021 · this slideshare contains the description related to topic lipids from pharmacognosy of class b. “Lipos” is a greek word means Jan 6, 2024 · 1. May 18, 2018 · 7. ppt), PDF File (. • Pharmacognosy- Greek words: “pharmakon” meaning drug, and “gnosis” meaning to acquire knowledge of. soluble in polar solvents such as ether and chloroform. • Crude drugs are dried, raw materials of plant, animal or mineral origin, used for the medicinal purpose. relatively insoluble in water 2. SIMPLE LIPIDS:- • Esters of fatty acids with glycerol. Mar 30, 2014 · 2. Simple lipids – • Fats, oils and waxes (esters of alcohol and fatty acids) 2. Alpha, Beta Carotenoids,vit A About 600–700 different carotenoids are known of which α- and β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin are the most prominent ones. Sep 11, 2022 · Lipids Fixed Oils – Castor Oil, Olive Oil Fats – Lanolin, Wax – Bees Wax 10. xanthophylls Theses oxygenated derivatives of carotenes. ) 15 A (Triglycerides absorbed from the intestines are the major lipid in chylomicrons. • 1. Morning 4 A. about 99%. 3 Cell Contents The cell contents in plants are in the form of: 1- Strong food materials, e. It is derived from a Greek word ‘lipos’ means fat. Oct 28, 2014 · Type of Lipid 3. This includes Fixed oils, fats and Waxes. , acetyl alcohol[CH3 Jul 22, 2022 · Classification of lipids 1. Lipids A large number of heterogeneous compounds are referred to as lipids including fats, steroids, waxes, and related compounds, which are related more by their physical than their chemical properties. -Other constituent like Guggulsterol I, II, III and mukulol have been isolated from the drug. Terpenoids are regarded as derivatives of polymers of isoprene, CH3H2C=C-CH=CH2 (i. Storage Food Mar 27, 2018 · Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. LIPIDS NOTES BY BILAL MALIK 163 LIPIDS: • Lipids (fixed oils, fats, and waxes) are esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, or of closely related derivatives. Biomolecules: Lipids Based on McMurry’s Organic Chemistry, 7th edition. . All medicines for internal or external se of human beings or animals all substance intended May 2, 2019 · Terpenoids - Download as a PDF or view online for free. β-carotene is the most known carotenoid and the most often naturally occurring carotene. Volatile oils are used for their therapeutic action, for flavoring (e. ADULTERATION : It is intentional substitution with another plant species or intentional addition of a foreign substance to increase the weight or potency of the product or to decrease its cost. ) 13 D (Among lipoproteins, chylomicrons have the highest lipid content i. 2. Test for Lipids (USP) • Test that are used to determine identity, quality and purity of fixed oils • These test are based chemical constituents of the fatty acids • Acid number or acid value: the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralized the free fatty acids in 1 g of substances • Sponification value: indicate the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide May 6, 2017 · 3. Sep 7, 2018 · 6. (solids) Steareoptenes are water soluble but more alcohol soluble. carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The end product of a pathway may be used immediately, initiate another metabolic Apr 21, 2024 · Soluble in alcohol, ether, and lipid solvents and insoluble in water. Pharmacognosy • Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. Parar de description of drugs lanolin bees wax wool fat lipids pharmacognosy. Jan 26, 2019 · 11. Volatile oils generally composed of two portions: Hydrocarbon – terpene derived from acetate mavelonic acid pathway and are called eleoptenes. • Flaxseed accumulates many biologically active compounds and elements including linolenic acid, linoleic acid, lignans, cyclic peptides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, cyanogenic glycosides, and cadmium. They have the common property of being: 1. Storage form of energy Important dietary components because of their high energy value and also because of the fat-soluble vitamins and the essential fatty acids contained in the fat of natural foods. Apr 17, 2020 · One common property of lipid is that they are hydrophobic in nature. It then defines lipids as insoluble organic compounds consisting of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen that perform important biological functions. ) 14 D (Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins have the highest phospholipid content. Metabolic pathways Metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. (-CH2- CH2-CH2 Apr 25, 2018 · 2. The term lipid was first used by German biochemist ‘Bloor’ in 1943. Both lipids and lipid derivatives serve as vitamins and hormones. Generally lighter than water. Dec 9, 2019 · Pharmacognosy - Download as a PDF or view online for free LIPIDS 12 Castor oil Ricinusoil It is a fixed oil obtained by cold expression of the seeds of Ricinus Apr 4, 2022 · 5. pharm. • Mainly of two types:- Fats and oils: These are esters of fatty acids and glycerol. This includes Pharmacognosy of Arachis oil, Cod liver oil, Cocoa butter, Shea butter, Hydnocarpus oil, Kokum butter , Lard, Linseed oil, Rice bran oil, Wheat germ oil, Shark liver oil, Wool fat, Bees wax, Castor oil Read less Jun 21, 2017 · It begins with introducing the presenter and topic. Feb 8, 2021 · 5. They are soluble in non-polar solvents such as- ether, chloroform, or benzene. These includes lutein, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and zeaxanthin known as xanthophylls. It is then covered with a layer of water. Jun 20, 2013 · The document discusses materia medica, which is the study of crude drugs obtained from plants, animals, and minerals. It covers the history and etymology of the term, describes crude drugs and their preparation and storage, and discusses various systems for classifying crude drugs based on their morphology, taxonomy, therapeutic use, and chemical constituents. Pathways are required for the maintenance of homeostasis within an organism and the flux of metabolites through a pathway is regulated depending on the needs of the cell and the availability of the substrate. 5. Oct 25, 2023 · Chemical Constituent: - Major constituents are Guggulsterone E and Z, resin, gum, volatile oil and Minor Constituents are oleogum resin which is a complex mixture of various classes of chemical Compounds such as lignans, lipids, diterpene, steroids etc. Jul 30, 2020 · 3. Enzymes are located in cytosomal fraction of the cell. Code of pharmaceutical_ethics by rinku kundu Lipids pharmacognosy and phytochemistry . 16e. β-carotene, also known as provitamin A, can be metabolized to vitamin A in different tissues (eg, small intestine, liver). Storage lipids Fats and oils: are universally used as stored form of energy by living organism. Sep 6, 2021 · This document provides information about various lipids (fats and oils) obtained from plants and animals. Sep 1, 2020 · 2. Applied to plant material that may be dried or fresh and can be destroyed by boiling. They yield fatty acids upon hydrolysis Oct 20, 2011 · Lipids - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Sep 27, 2021 · 12 C (Low-density lipoproteins have about 21% protein. • The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources” Oct 3, 2019 · 6. 2nd year (2019 batch) ips, kuk for the educational purposes. Mar 21, 2024 · 8. • Combinations of lipid and protein (lipoproteins)are important cellular constituents, occurring both in the cell membrane and in the mitochondria and serving also as the means of transporting lipid in the blood. Study of Lipids according to Pharmacognosy. ) is an oilseed used in industrial and natural health products. If the desired compound has a high solubility in a solvent then a simple filtration can be used to separate the Jul 20, 2017 · Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - Download as a PDF or view online for free Lipids: Castor oil, Shark liver oil, Wool fat, Beeswax, Neem oil, Cod liver oil and Jun 5, 2016 · 4. It defines metabolites as intermediate products produced during plant metabolism. Feb 18, 2019 · However, a Soxhlet extractor is not limited to the extraction of lipids. The total annual production of volatile oils is estimated to be in the region of 45,000 tones, worth approximately US$700 million. jilig fmiex eedo yasf iwbo lbvtp eehu vteqvsp oyud thjpb
Lipids pharmacognosy slideshare. Jul 25, 2023 · 18.
