Karez underground irrigation system. On May 25, 1993, the 3rd Session .
Karez underground irrigation system In Pakistan, the Karez irrigation system is only found in Balochistan and a whole region of the province is known as Karezat. , 2018, Soroush et al. Apr 9, 2019 · More than 2,000 years ago, the Karez Well was developed as a way to bring the snow-melt water of Tianshan Mountain to the city through a series of wells dug into underground water channels. At close to 7 km, the Shukla Tirtha karez is the longest one. Karez is an indigenous method of irrigation in which groundwater is tapped by a tunnel. 9 to 3. A karez system is an underground water collection Feb 25, 2022 · More than a dozen different types of grapes are grown here, and the water the grapes need to grow is brought to their vines by an ancient irrigation system called the karez, or ‘well’, in the Furthermore recent changes in Karez irrigation caused by changes in the socio-economic conditions are also analysed. Downstream the water outlet, irrigation is achieved through gravity. A karez is fed entirely by gravity, thus eliminating the need for pumps. LIU JIAN/FOR CHINA DAILY Another four ancient Chinese irrigation projects have yet limited in scope. feeding the main well of the system. A water user who has the first parcel of land along a karez water course also has rights to the last parcel of land on the same channel. The Karez system of the Balochistan desert is a vibrant example of an ancient and still functional approach to community-based water management in an arid landscape. In September 2024, the Karez wells in Turpan were honored as World Heritage Irrigation Structures (WHIS), marking its recognition by the international community as a pumps even within the irrigation command areas served by Karez. Four hypotheses exist: (a) invention during Han dynasty more than 2000 years ago, (b) transfer of technology Mar 4, 2022 · As an ancient irrigation system, the Karez well system has ever played a very important role in the daily life and in the production of the people in Turfan area. Karez Well System. These features indicate the locations of hand-dug underground tunnels (the actual karez) that can be several kilometers in length. The paper suggests that the benefits of restoring karez systems to local communities are large and some systems, such as the Ain Zubaida in the Makkah Al-Mukaramah Region, are of global importance. The system is designed to collect water from mountain streams and underground aquifers and distribute it through the canals to the fields and orchards The canal between the outlet where water flows out of the subterranean tunnel and the water storage pond is called the open canal. Verticle shafts are dug to the water channel for maintenance and clearance in event of a blockage. The user with the second parcel of land also has rights to the second to last parcel of land, and so forth. This system extracts groundwater to surface by gravity without using any pumping equipment. These canals are slightly sloped to allow the water to flow to irrigation in which water is pumped from underlying aquifers. Jan 1, 2017 · Ancient Karez is sustainable and environmentally friend irrigation and water supply system in rural Afghanistan. H. 6. In Pakistan, karez irrigation was adopted from nearby Afghanistan and remained localized in the province of Jan 1, 2021 · In this article, we will present an overview of possible research methods to handle historical sources, in the specific case of karez landscapes. After running for some distance the tunnel comes out in the open and Jul 7, 2022 · However, with Turpan karez system, water can be delivered through underground canals without being affected by the seasons or sand, making all-year-round irrigation possible. Reasons for the decline of qanats include "abandonment and neglect" prior to Apr 12, 2021 · Karez are very delicate irrigation systems made up of vertical wells, underground canals, above-ground canals and small reservoirs. Karez Well, located around the city of Turpan in China's western region of Xinjiang, is an incredible example of an ancient irrigation system. Turpan is known as one of the hottest places in the world. The size of the tunnel Karez is a traditional irrigation system that built in the arid and semi-arid regions of Download this stock image: Ancient karez underground irrigation system Pakistan Asia - B5B76F from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors. It is a system of underground channels built 5 to 10 metres below the surface of the ground and ranging in length from 2 to 15 km. Figure 1 presents a schematic view of a karez irrigation system. Schematic of a Karez Project: (1) Infiltration Part of the Tunnel Chapter 17 The Age and Origin of Karez Systems of Silk Road Oases around Turpan, Xinjiang, P. By operating Karez system there would not be decline in underground water table. The author, Iwao Kobori, professor of drylands and desertification at the United Nations University in Japan, was part of that mission and has spent decades studying and documenting the karez system. The karez irrigation system, composed of vertical shafts, subterranean and ground canals, and small reservoirs, was built 2,000 years ago and is considered one of China's greatest surviving ancient man-made structures, along with the Great Wall and the Grand Canal. "The falaj irrigation system and water allocation markets in Northern Oman,” Agricultural Water Management, Vol. In Pakistan, karez irrigation was adopted from nearby Afghanistan and remained localized in the province of Baluchistan. Some of them are still in use and you can have a closer look at the ingenious work in Turpan. "We are the children of Karez wells," said the 73-year-old resident of Baxbala Karzi Village in the city of Turpan, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur The region is the Fig. It is not known who originally created this technology. The Dec 1, 2020 · a) Enhanced Google Earth image of irrigation canal and karez map (GoogleEarth); b) Ventilation or access wells (Chahs) along karez; c) Karez daylight point (Awkhura); d) Karez tunnel cleaning Feb 28, 2019 · (3) To integrate the karez irrigation system in the holistic water resources management approach in the arid and semi-arid region with karez tradition, following measures can be recommended for the policy makers and water managers: First, combining karezes with modern irrigation techniques would be beneficial in terms of meeting the growing Central Asian Journal of Water Research (2020) 6(1): 1-18 6 The development of groundwater systems for irrigation and other uses is necessary and precautions must be taken to avoid adversely affecting the users of existing irrigation systems. Melting snow from the nearby mountains is their main water source. . The karez skillfully makes use of the geological conditions in the Turpan Basin, radiation from the sun and the atmosphere's circumfluence to form a unique underground irrigation system, representing the intelligence of Chinese people thousands of years ago. Sep 5, 2023 · At one of the scenic sites featuring the source of a Karez well, visitors can take an elevator that goes down about 60 meters to view the underground water flown from the Tianshan Mountains. 38 × 10 6 m 3, and the annual runoff of artificial channels was stable at 73. Dec 1, 2016 · An active karez can be recognized in satellite imagery by a linear pattern of clearly defined “dots” or “rings” in the landscape (Fig. Water storage ponds are also essential components of the Karez system, used to regulate and store irrigation water. The Karez system consists of four parts: shaft, underpass, open channel and pool. , 2016). A survey of qanat systems in the Kurdistan region of Iraq conducted by the Department of Geography at Oklahoma State University (US) on behalf of UNESCO in 2009 found that out of 683 karez systems, some 380 were still active in 2004, but only 116 were active by 2009. Generally, a karez is 3 km (1. In Pakistan it is confined to the province of Balochistan which has a tribal society. These aspects include the historical and cultural importance, socio-economic impacts, interactions with the surrounding environment, contribution to agricultural biodiversity in arid lands, and unique regional characteristics of karezes. Therefore, alignments of them correspond to the karez system. Turpan’s well system was crucial in Turpan’s development as an important oasis on the ancient Silk Road skirting the barren and hostile Taklamakan Desert. , 2020) specifically Stinson’s evaluation of the karez system in Afghanistan (Stinson et al. Khan and Nawaz (1995) and Rahman (1981) found that this might ultimately destroy the fragile ecosystem of Balochistan, including the age-old Karez irrigation systems. This system of irrigation exist in The water harvesting and underground transmission system called a karez in the Uygur language, or kan er jing in Modern Technology and the Karez System With advances in irrigation technology is used, the most ancient irrigation and sometimes water supply system is Karez which is much popular at the region, Karez is underground tunnel constructed in-ground by digging the main well of the system and extending underground tunnel in foothills of the mountains. The number of Karez Wells that are situated in Turpan Depression today is over 1,000 and the channels have a total length of over 5,000 kilometers. , 2021, Luo et al. It is an old and stable irrigation system of Pakistan confined to the province of Balochistan. As an ancient irrigation system, the Karez well system has ever played a very important role in the daily life and in the production of the people in Turfan area. Karez System is one of the "Three Great Engineering Projects in Ancient China". tion systems, including surface irrigation (canals) and underground irrigation with the empha-sis on the Karez system, followed by subsequent system structural analysis to evaluate the im-portance and situation of the system as a case study example in the area. The preliminary results show that there are four types of irrigation systems in Logar: (a) main irrigation canals feeding from the Logar River; (b) secondary subsidiary canals, or irrigation schemes, feeding from the main irrigation canal (a); (c) ancient Karez: underground lateral water channels; (d) artesian nonrenewable groundwater resources The meaning of KAREZ is an underground irrigation tunnel bored horizontally into rock slopes in Baluchistan. In spite of its limitations, the karez irrigation has a nearly circumglobal distribution, which re- presents a high level of adaptability of pre-modern man to complicated karez irrigation system. Karez is a vertical tunnel system adapted by the Turpan people. Oct 7, 2011 · This article evaluates the vitality of the ancient karez systems in various aspects in modern society by providing examples from Turpan region of China. 1 Schematic view of a typical karez system (after Todd 1980) 123 Vitality of ancient karez systems in arid lands 215 Fig. Ancient Karez system is viable in hot, arid and semi-arid climate regions. Together with the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, it is reputed as one of the three major construction projects in ancient China, in which the history of this unique underground irrigation system can be traced back over more than 2,000 Jan 20, 2025 · The Karez system is an ingenious underground irrigation water system. Until relatively recently, it had been difficult for foreign researchers to study the Karez Irrigation System, Turpan The famous system of underground and surface channels of Turfan. The rainfalls there are less than 16 mm per year, while permanent dry wind blowing from the Taklamakan and Gobi Deserts, makes the existence of any life impossible there. tion systems, including surface irrigation (canals) and underground irrigation with the empha- sis on the Karez system, followed by subsequent system structural analysis to evaluate the im- that the Turpan karez systems are like the qanats that were used in Persia and the Middle East. Underground irrigation system has a history of more than 2000 years, which is very suitable for dry and hot areas like Turpan. Karez irrigation technology was developed in arid and semi-arid areas from India and western China through the Middle East into North Africa. The process of karez drying and underground water has been steadily decreasing Aug 2, 2020 · Karez: Karez is an old system of canal irrigation practiced in the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Without pumping tools, this method extracts groundwater gravitationally from As an ancient irrigation system, the Karez well system has ever played a very important role in the daily life and in the production of the people in Turfan area. English: Karez — Asian name for the irrigation system known as Qanat in Iran. Generally, a Karez is 3 km (1. The kareze irrigation structure is a connects the underground tunnels which makes use of gravity for uplifting water for irrigation and drinking purpose. Many karez systems distribute in the Turpan Basin, (International Conference On Karez Irrigation, 1993). On May 25, 1993, the 3rd Session Mar 1, 2015 · A karez is a gently sloping tunnel into a hillside with a series of vertical shafts. Although it is referred to as a well, it is actually a canal. See full list on chinahighlights. Karez is an old and stable irrigation system of Pakistan. On the other hand, the Jamuna karez actually originates within a lake. Water demand in agriculture Jun 29, 2020 · Karez is an indigenous method of irrigation in which groundwater is tapped by a tunnel. Though there is highly advanced electromechanical irrigation system, the function and position of the Karez system can not be superseded completely. , & Hejran, H. Apr 20, 2018 · Karez (Qanat) is an underground tunnel which is constructed in alluvial fan by digging the mother well of the system and extending the underground tunnel into the foothills of the mountains. , Sadat, S. The karez water system is made up of a network of interconnected wells. This system consists of several kilometers of long underground water channels used to take out water present in the foothills for irrigation purposes. A complete Turpan karez system consists of four parts: vertical wells, underground water canals, surface channels and dams. The karez well system is considered the greatest Uyghur engineering accomplishment (nicknamed “The Underground Great Karez System Facts. 4, Fig. R. “Technology and ReligionThe Qanat underground irrigation system,” Academia. Based on the interpretation of Corona images, debris heaps of karez systems are easily recognized as the dots. The wells are considered one of China's three major ancient engineering feats, along with the country's famous Great Wall and Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The system consists of a network of underground canals that tap into underground water sources and transport water to the surface for agricultural and domestic use. Dec 8, 2020 · This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water to over 170,000 ha of farmland with a potential to expand and become a component of sustainable water supply chain. The Karez Irrigation System, Karez Well. Jan 17, 2014 · The karez system is equitable between upstream and downstream users. However, with the influence of climate change and human activities in recent years, the number and status of Turpan karezes have undergone significant Jul 23, 2021 · This underground system is a well-known structure for people who live in Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. The canals are typically 3-6 feet wide and 6-10 feet deep and are lined with brick or stone. Turpan's karez water system is made up of a horizontal series of vertically dug wells that are then linked by underground water canals to collect water from the watershed surface runoff from the base of the Tian Shan Mountains and the nearby Flaming Mountains. Dec 12, 2020 · underground tunnel constructed in-ground by digging the main well of the system and extending underground This article analyzes Afghanistan’s Karez irrigation systems currently feeding water Oct 25, 2024 · Karez System Irrigation Method: Karez system is underground network of channels which collect and transport water from aquifers and bring it down to the available open surface space for May 17, 2012 · Karez irrigation is a type of irrigation based on underground canals and is well known in many dry areas of the Middle East and Central Asia under the name qanats. 6). 9 miles) with the longest Sep 4, 2024 · Visitors line up to enter a scenic spot with the Karez system in Turpan, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, in June. These are small in cross-section but may be many kilometers in length. The last system had the potential to be the answer to many problems of water in Afghanistan, the authors noted. The karez wells, which convey water from deep underground to the surface, are considered one of China’s greatest surviving ancient man-made structures, along with the Great Wall and the Grand Canal. 9 miles) with the longest being 20 to 30 km (12-19 miles) with several dozen vertical wells. (2020). Sep 29, 2024 · As the world's largest underground irrigation system, the Karez Wells is collectively known as the "Three Great Projects of Ancient China" alongside the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, and are also renowned as one of the "Three Great Ancient Water Conservancy Projects of China," alongside the Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Sichuan Province and A karez transports water underground, usually surfacing in cultivated areas (see photograph 4). Karez is a tunnel through which groundwater conducted to the command area by gravity. This paper reviews various geoengineering and environmental impacts studies that have been carried out on Kariz Feb 25, 2023 · Significance of The Karez Well System. ” After running for some distance the tunnel comes out in the open and the water is conducted to the command area. For citation: Azami, A. Karez irrigation is a type of irrigation based on underground canals and is well known in many dry areas of the Middle East and Central Thus, karez is also dubbed the "underground canal". Balali, Mohammad Reza and Jozef Keulartz. springs; however, water flows in underground channel in Karez system. Mar 27, 2023 · A constant theme through Uygur Eskander Kadir's long life is the local system of ancient Karez wells, which he has helped to maintain and protect, enjoying the fresh water since childhood. ’’ Download scientific diagram | | Schematic diagram of Karez system structure. The authors say this is done through three types of water management and irrigation systems in Afghanistan: Surface water or canals, underground water or borewells and Qanat / Karez. Jan 17, 2014 · The water harvesting and underground transmission system called a karez in the Uygur language, or kan er jing in Mandarin, has provided sustainable water supplies in some communities of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), China for over 2,000 years. Putting the majority of the channel underground reduces water loss from seepage and evaporation. The annual runoff of the Karez system was estimated to be 69. Interestingly, karezes, being underground systems, are rich in minerals. A Karez well consists of a vertical shaft connected to underground channels that surface in the form of ditches and small ponds. Today, while the use of the karez is, generally speaking, declin- Sep 28, 2019 · Karez is underground tunnel which is constructed in ground by digging the main well of the system and extending underground tunnel in foothills of the mountains. A karez Jan 12, 2015 · The karez irrigation system was built 2,000 years ago. Audio is not supported in your browser. The Karez Well System in Turpan, China, is an engineering marvel that has been in use for over two thousand years. Sep 5, 2023 · Despite such dry weather, the place is never a barren land thanks to the irrigation system of Karez, dating back over 2,000 years. Jul 30, 2018 · It is really ingenious for the ancient people to invent the irrigation system back 2000 years ago and turning parts of this hot desert in Turpan into lush greenery. 2 Vertical shafts (a), main tunnel (b), and storage pond (c) of Turpan karezes, China Table 1 Characteristics of two typical karezes (karez) in Turpan region, China Name of the karez (karez) Say Karez The kareze irrigation system is also amongst the engineering admirations of the prehistoric world. The most complex form of a karez involves a fan of underground tunnels tapping the aquifer at different points (Anderson 1993). Their distributions are classified as follows; on the alluvial fan May 5, 2024 · Despite such advantages, tube wells were unfortunately commonly used by those who saw Karez as an antiquated system. There are tens of thousands of shafts, some of which are in use and are living The preliminary results show that there are four types of irrigation systems in Logar: (a) main irrigation canals feeding from the Logar River; (b) secondary subsidiary canals, or irrigation schemes, feeding from the main irrigation canal (a); (c) ancient Karez: underground lateral water channels; (d) artesian nonrenewable groundwater resources Jan 1, 2019 · For millennia, oases have provided a source of water for ancient and complex irrigation systems known to the Persians as kariz or qanat, the Aztecs as tecoatl, the Arabs as qanat, falaj or foggara Sep 5, 2024 · This miracle is made possible by a special irrigation system adapted to extremely arid areas, known as Karez Wells. Underground tunnels with gentle slopes carry water from its source to settled areas. , 2014, Nsanziyera et al. These irrigation systems are owned and operated wholly by the community. Jan 17, 2014 · The report deals with karez irrigation in Turfan district. Karez water is used for irrigation and for drinking water supply. Sep 20, 2006 · The Karez irrigation systems rely on gravitational pull and are comprised of simply a water source, underground tunnels, and vertical shafts that feed the water scarce areas. Archaeology indicates May 13, 2018 · "There are two more systems in Bidar. These are underground galleries that tap groundwater from aquifers of the alluvial fans. Some work is being planned on to re establish the Karez irrigation system at the sub-tehsil level. Modern Technology and the Karez System With advances in irrigation technology, deep wells have been yet limited in scope. Download the article. Dec 17, 2024 · Secondly, they help protect communities from floods by acting as barriers to flash floods. Each Karez can stretch from 3 to 5 kilometers (approximately 1. The museum is small but to see the irrigation system with your own eyes is pretty amazing. 1 miles), with some reaching lengths of over 100 kilometers (62 miles). This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submission. Karez irrigation is an ancient system of underground water channels where water flows by gravity from the ‘‘mother well’’ dug into the water table (Figure 1). Karez system bring life to Turpan. 1, Fig. karez is actually an ancient version of a horizontal well. Some documents mentioned that qanats started to be used in Central Asia in about 800 BC. Karez is an old and Oct 14, 2024 · The Karez wells, dubbed the "Underground Great Wall," are a unique underground irrigation system in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. By transporting the water underground, they were able to prevent evaporation and to keep dust and dirt out of their water supply. These underground aqueducts of Karez System are comprised of a network of vertical shafts and horizontal tunnels that transport Feb 25, 2023 · The Karez System is a complex network of underground canals and wells that extends over 5,000 miles. The successful operation of a Karez system depends not only on its technical and structural arrangements but also Jan 18, 2014 · Ahmed Salim Al-Marshudi. These water systems have also been used in countries in North Africa and West Asia, as well as other Asian countries, including Aug 16, 2021 · In news Karez, being one of the types of water management and irrigation systems in Afghanistan, is under threat under the resurgent Taliban rule. 5, Fig. of China Bertil Mächtle, Stefan Hecht, Nicola Manke, Bernd Kromer, Susanne Lindauer, Cheng-Sen Li, Ying Li, Xiaofei Wang and Olaf Bubenzer Abstract Age and origin of ancient famous Karez water systems in the oases of the Turpan Basin are open questions in geoarchaeological and historical research. , Sagin, J. You may like : Jan 28, 2022 · The foggara is a gently sloping underground gallery that drains water from the aquifer upstream to the drier lands downstream towards the palm grove. Globally, maximum karez systems are recorded in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan (Baluchistan), Saudi Arabia, and China (Hussain et al. Karez irrigation is practised in 22 countries from China to Chile including Pakistan. Oct 14, 2024 · The Karez wells, dubbed the "Underground Great Wall," are a unique underground irrigation system in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The karez then transports the water by gravity to an open land surface. underground tunnels varies greatly, from 3 km up to 50 km. 91, Issues 1–3, 16 July 2007, Pages 71–77. On May 25, 1993, the 3rd Session Aug 5, 2019 · Ancient Karez has a history of millennium. karez system in the Turpan Basin in China’s Xinjiang province. The system uses the underground water source of snow melting and ice snow for irrigation. Karez irrigation Karez is one of the most effective systems deserving further development. Most of the precipitation COMPONENTS OF KAREZ SYSTEM The components of Karez system are; (1) main well (Sarchah), (2) infiltration part of the tunnel, (3) water conveyance part of the tunnel, (4) open channel, (5) access Sep 1, 1995 · Karez is an old and stable irrigation system of Pakistan. Feb 28, 2019 · Age and origin of ancient famous Karez water systems in the oases of the Turpan Basin are open questions in geoarchaeological and historical research. This irrigation system is distributed in Turpan area in Xinjiang, northwest China. It’s located in the Turpan Depression, the second lowest depression in the world, and is made up of a series of vertical wells that channel water from the base of the Tian Shan Mountains and the Flaming Mountains into a system of underground canals that eventually resurface in the city of Turpan and become part of its irrigation system. 3. Though hard to construct, difficult to maintain, and yet limited in scope, the karez irrigation system has been an integral part of agricultural landscape in Baluchistan province of Pakistan for the last 2500 years, if not earlier. The word karez means “well” in Uyghur language. Jul 10, 2022 · As a large-scale irrigation and water conservancy project in ancient times, karez are common in Central Asia and arid regions with a history of thousands of years. Sep 1, 2024 · Comparison of the water output of the Karez system with that of the modern water conservancy projects in the study area reveals that the mean annual runoff of the two is similar. from publication: Sustainable Irrigation: Karez System in Afghanistan | In Afghanistan, water is Oct 1, 2007 · Karez irrigation is an ancient system of underground water channels where water flows by gravity from the “mother well” dug into the water table (Figure 1). This system is a true example of engineering. On May 25, 1993, the 3rd Session yet limited in scope. Download scientific diagram | Karez conceptual diagram (Stanikzai, personal collection, 2020). The Oct 7, 2020 · Karez's system of canals and wells are very much like the Roman aqueduct system that transported fresh water to highly populated areas. Spacing of the karez, their types, life, length, discharge, land development and allocation, water distribution and management are important aspects of karez irrigation which have been discussed in this Oct 1, 2023 · The techniques used to identify and map the khettara systems are modeled after those used in previous remote sensing surveys of canal and qanat systems (Ikemoto et al. Karez gallery near Turpan, Xinjiang, China. Karezes (qanats), historically vital sources of water for multiple uses in the driest parts of the world, have been deteriorating over the past five a) The typical structure of karez in Turpan Karez systems are very delicate irrigation systems made up of vertical shafts, underground and above-ground canals and small reservoirs. Local people built this water system to bring out underground water for irrigation and daily use, which turned the arid desert into an oasis. It is an educational tour for me. Jan 9, 2025 · The underground irrigation system of Turpan, characterized by its unique structure, has long been celebrated for its innovative design and exceptional irrigation capabilities. Mar 16, 2021 · Kariz (Qanat or Roman Aqueduct) is an old knowledge that has been used in more than 35 countries. Historically, Karez system has been pervasive in Balochistan for almost one thousand years and a strong proof of this is the Karezes found during the excavations at Makran. What is a Qanat / Karez? This system of underground vertical shafts in a gently sloping tunnel that is built from an upland aquifer to ground level. Karez systems are very delicate irrigation systems made up of vertical wells, underground canals, above-ground canals and small reservoirs. It was built by the people according to the local climate astd hydrological conditions in basin areas. At the upstream end, the karez depresses the water table such that groundwater enters the tunnel. Karez is underground tunnel which is constructed in ground by digging the main well of the system and extending underground tunnel in foothills of the Jan 1, 2009 · The karez in China is a unique example of the underground tunnel irrigation systems that were developed by the Persians in ancient times and spread to many regions of the globe. Tubewells and dug wells are classified under this system of irrigation; and (iv) spring and karez irrigation systems in which groundwater is tapped and conveyed by gravity in open channels or underground tunnels to command areas. The water channel is underground for a distance of a few hundred meters to a few kilometers before it emerges from the ground at the ‘‘day light point. Turpan owes its prosperity to the water provided by its karez well system. Turpan, which is located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, has the most extensive and concentrated distribution of karez shafts in China. Illustration 2. Aug 13, 2021 · The authors say this is done through three types of water management and irrigation systems in Afghanistan: Surface water or canals, underground water or borewells and Qanat / Karez. Apr 19, 2023 · The Turpan karez system is a traditional underground irrigation system in the Xinjiang region, which has been an important support for agricultural production in the area since ancient times. Kariz, previously recognized as a water management technology, involves horizontal subsurface galleries and vertical monitoring shafts, which works based on natural gravity force. Lastly, the recharged underground water supports the revival of karez systems, which are essential for sustainable water management in the region. What is a Qanat / Karez? This system of underground vertical shafts in a gently sloping tunnel is built from an upland aquifer to ground level. A karez, of Chinese origin, is a horizontal underground gallery that conveys water from mountain runoff to basins in depressions below sea level. The irrigation system is well adjusted with the social and political institutions in Baluchistan and synchronizes with the local economies. The complete Karez Wells irrigation system consists of four main parts: the vertical shafts, subterranean and ground canals, and small reservoirs. Karez is an old and In Pakistan, the Karez irrigation system is only found in Balochistan and a whole region of the province is known as Karezat. In spite of its limitations, the karez irrigation has a nearly circumglobal distribution, which re-presents a high level of adaptability of pre-modern man to complicated karez irrigation system. Sustainable Irrigation: Karez System in Afghanistan. It is a community enterprise managed by tribal tradition and run by social control. The water channel is underground for a distance of a few hundred meters to a few kilometers before it emerges from the ground at the “day light point. After running for some distance the tunnel comes out in the open and the water is conducted to the command area. edu. com The karez (Chinese: 坎儿井; Uyghur: كارىز), located around the city of Turpan in China’s western region of Xinjiang, is an incredible example of an ancient irrigation system and the Uyghur ingenuity that developed it. from publication: Research on application of ecohydrology to disaster prevention and mitigation in China: a review | In Aug 3, 2022 · Karez systems are ancient hydraulic works that use underground waterways to divert water by gravity and have historically been popular in arid regions across Central Asia. 49 × 10 6 m 3. 2008). an underground irrigation tunnel bored horizontally into rock slopes in Baluchistan; a system of irrigation by underground tunnels… Aug 16, 2021 · The Taliban are set to seize Kabul, but some expert believes they will spare the age-old Karez system of underground aqueducts in the country given its importance. dznegxgbeeuchprkcibkfftzhexsmopvnuzmkplcfuazcaplrzwyfshoxwlcijagcxbvgnmsct
