Opal in raw form. These opals are mainly found in Queensland, Australia.

Opal in raw form 00 C$22. Search from Raw Opal stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Handcrafted & unique opal earrings for sale, including fire opal and black opal in both studs and dangles. The Properties Of Opal Physical Properties Of Opal. 50 $ 247. Price. 2 out of 5 stars 19. 3k) Sale Price $2. Order your rough opal and other rough gemstones today. 5 reviews. Tue Open. Step -1 Ethiopian opal in Raw form Step -2 Manufacturing Process ( Cutting , Shaping,polishing) Step -3 Ready Cabochon for set in jewellery . The town of Lightning Ridge in New South Wales, Australia, is renowned for producing some of the world’s finest black opals. Ethiopia. Black Opal Ring Raw Opal Ring Raw Opal Twig Ring Raw Stone Ring Red Fire Opal Jewelry Raw Black Opal Free Form Raw Opal Jewelry (1. Item Width. 100 Pcs Black Opal Raw Crystals Bulk Raw Opal Rough Opal Welo Opal AAA Grade Raw Opal Rough Opal Crystal fire Opal Rough gemstone (1. 98 (25% off) FREE shipping Add to Favorites 0. Keywords. A raw green opal refers to a green opal in the rough. Polished (137,526) Items (137,526) Rough (70,387) Items (70,387) Cut (49,001) Items (49,001) Carving (1,522) Items (1,522) Drusy (97) Items (97) OPAL Raw Crystals Bottle AAA Quality Natural Ethiopian White Opal Rough Loose. With mosaic opals, small pieces that are flat or oddly shaped get glued like stained glass onto a dark base. 3. It has not undergone any cutting, polishing, or other treatments. 8k) Sale Price $0. Sale 100 Pcs OPAL Check out our raw rough form opal selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our jewelry making & beading shops. See the seller's listing for full details. Natural Rainbow. Hyalite is a unique and fascinating type of opal, known for its clear, glass-like appearance. 566. 20 Original Price $0. Save 10% on 2 select item(s) FREE delivery on $35 shipped by Amazon. The amazing patterns, intense play of color, and large sizes are a few of the reasons they have been such a hit on today's market. 00 $ 54. FREE shipping Add to Favorites AAA Grade Natural Ethiopian Welo Opal - Freeform Opal - Raw Opal - Opal Rough - Polished Opal - Opal Polish Rough Stone - Loose Opal Raw The boulder opal is one of the rarest and most valuable forms of opal found in Australia and makes up less than 5 % of all opal mined. Opal Auctions has huge range of rough from many different opal mines in Queensland Australia. Grape opal, green opal, Bacon Opal(yes, it looks like bacon) then you have some valuable opal like Mexican Fire Opal, Andamooka opal, and the incredibly hard to work Honduran Opal(literally takes hours to properly polish and isnt for the impatient) OPaL’s Central Lab, built over an area of 6200 sq. 6k) Sale Price $21. New (Other) C $27. 6k) Crystalshop Raw Opal Crystals - 25Cts Genuine Natural AAA Grade Opal Gram Lot, Reiki Crystals and Healing Stones,Jewelry Making Gemstone, Ultra Fire Striking Opal, Opal Rock Opal Stone for Gift Lot. 8520. 00 AUD Regular price Sale price $490. A nobby is a natural raw form of opal that is directly extracted from the underground mines prior to being cut and polished. Yowah Boulder Drilled 127. Silver Statement Jewelry. Then I'm really confused, because that was the exact advice put out in Lapidary Journal some time ago-there was an issue discussing the photography of opals, and in that article they said to do that. 25 Jimary Opal is a greyhound by Raw Ability out of Jimary Moneybags, whelped on 31-08-2022. See amazing natural solid stones from Australia for sale. 23 $ 134. Price: $12. D108 Tempe, AZ 85283. Small Black Opal Ring Raw Opal Ring Raw Opal Twig Ring Raw Stone Ring Red Fire Opal Jewelry Raw Black Opal Free Form Raw Opal (1. Our seller have permission to offer images of Raw, uncut Lightning Ridge opals called nobbies in their natural form . 144 likes · 125 were here. Country/Region of Manufacture. 00 (70% off) FREE shipping Add to Favorites JAGUAR GEMS Black Opal Rough - 25 Carat - AAA Quality Black Opal Raw, Ethiopian Opal Gemstone Rough, Welo Multi Fire - 3-6 Pcs, Ragular, Gemstone, black opal. The name ‘opal’ originates from the Greek word ‘opallios’ and the Roman word ‘opalus,’ both of which trace their roots to the Sanskrit word ‘upala,’ meaning ‘precious stone. 79 $ 6. The Precious forms of Opal occur in a wide variety of colors, including white, yellow, red, orange, green, black, and blue. Our parcel offerings ranges from small parcels containing 3 or 5 stones of high value opal, to larger parcels con Buy Boulder Opal Rough. If i can find your email address. Book Online About Me. Raw materials are always at hand as the delivery processes of feedstocks Naphtha, Gas or LPG are streamlined. 00 $ 180. Black opals are the rarest, most valuable opal variety. Available for both RF and RM licensing. 6 out of 5 stars 17. Wholesale. In some instances, rough potch opal can also be purchased to help beginners become comfortable with lapidary equipment without the thought of N7 Opals: $10 to $2,400 per carat (mid-range $150 to $500 per carat) N8 Opals: $10 to $2,200 per carat (mid-range $70-$250 per carat) N9 Opals: $1 to $2,000 per carat (mid-range $15 to $90 per carat) Shifting to the other side of the body tone chart, we have black opals. 48 $ 24. Go back Next Submit report Rare find. It is very sparsely distributed through South West Queensland. Australian White Opal Raw Rough Free Form Stone Crystal Pendant Necklace. The three main features of a typical nobby is its crockery top (white top material), colour bar (which sits just under the crockery top layer that contains the colour of the opal) and An opal in its raw form, showcasing vibrant play-of-colour. Check out our raw opal selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our gemstones shops. Baseline Rd. Raw opal often retains its original, rough appearance, showcasing the natural colors and Learn how to identify raw opal through its physical characteristics, light properties, specific gravity, hardness, cleavage, visual inspection, and fluorescence. 23 $ 101. The first thing an opal cutter has to learn is to take a good look at the parcel of raw opal stones to be cut and polished. Opal Triplets and Doublets 283. 00 Original Price $180. 123 E. Weight (cts) Length (mm) Width (mm) Depth (mm) About Opal Opal For Sale. Among the different types of opal, hyalite stands out because it glows with a bright green color under UV light. I approach skin care Small Black Opal Ring Raw Opal Ring Raw Opal Twig Ring Raw Stone Ring Red Fire Opal Jewelry Raw Black Opal Free Form Raw Opal (1. It is colorless when pure. It is predicted that boulder opal is going to run out in the next 10 years because of the difficulty clearing Native Title and EPA requirements of Read more about the seller notes “Opal Rough, Ethiopian Opal Raw, Crystal Opal Rough, Gemstone Form. 68. 00 Original Price $70. Sale ends in 7:39:49. This gradual transformation underscores the extraordinary timeline and Raw Opal Pendant, Gold Filled, Fire Opal Jewelry, Handmade Natural Gemstone Necklace, Opal Jewelry for men, October Birthstone, Gift for her (2. com/about-opal/ Australian Opal Direct offers custom designed Opal jewelry reflecting the Raw opal refers to unprocessed, natural opal that has been extracted from the Earth. 34 Details. Discount. Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica, macro raw opal stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. 5% coupon applied at checkout Save 5% with coupon. 00 AUD $1,650. The cut of the gemstone plays a significant role in how light Opals form in the fissures of almost any kind of rock, but they most commonly form with limonite, sandstone, rhyolite, and basalt. About ; Shop; Events; Media; Testimonials; Articles; Contact & location; 760. 5 out of 5 stars These beautiful opals from Ethiopia are among the finest opals available. The opals will be a wide range of colors including red, yellow, orange, blue, and green. For the first time, get 1 free month of iStock exclusive photos, illustrations, and more. Also known as Peppermint Candy Stone, Pink Opal is a great crystal to carry to dispel any sadness, but especially sadness associated Opals - a stone like no other gem. 88. 4 Grams Ethiopian Welo Opal in Matrix Rough Opal Raw Stone Rainbow Fire Check out our opal raw form selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. New. This is the Opal moved to Tempe. Price: $70. $6. 00 Original Price $330. Sale ends on December 31 Main opal producing countries. It is deposited at a relatively low temperature Learn how to identify raw opal through its physical characteristics, light properties, specific gravity, hardness, cleavage, visual inspection, and fluorescence. Crystalshop Raw Opal Crystals - 25Cts Genuine Natural AAA Grade Opal Gram Lot, Reiki Crystals and Healing Stones,Jewelry Making Gemstone, Ultra Fire Striking Opal, Opal Rock Opal Stone for Gift Lot. Opens in a new window or tab. Everlasting Opals Australia Australian Opal Loose Solid Black Opal Colour - Royal Blue Shape - Free form triangle Weight - 21. 4 out of 5 stars. 20 (50% off) Add to Favorites Opal Check out our raw black opal selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our jewelry making & beading shops. 5 CT A Grade Rainbow Andamooka Opal - Australian Opal - Fairy Opal Mined - These beautiful fire play raw opals are directly mined from Ethiopia Opal - The name Opal is derived from the Latin opalus and the Sanskrit upala, meaning precious stone. or Best Offer. 00 $ 21. As low as $40. m. Item description Dry Opal Rough Lot AAA Grade Large Size Ethiopian Welo Opal Raw Suitable For Cutting And Making Jewelry Dry Opal Raw Gemstone (3. New (Other) ♥ Materials used: Main Metal: 925 Sterling Silver Main Stone: raw rough natural rainbow opal free form Main Stone Origin: Ethiopia Plating: Black Rhodium & Gold Length of the chain: pick your length from the list. The shape and form of a gemstone are also important aspects to consider during a visual inspection. Rough yelow green Small raw Ethiopian Dry Opals. 75 Carats Width - 21. Stunning raw opal free form necklace in black silver, statement jewelry birthday anniversary gift for women wife mother mom sister daughter Sale Price $247. Buy Boulder Opal Rough online direct from the mines at wholesale prices. Add to Favourites Rough Ethiopian Opal Pendant, Raw Opal Necklace, Genuine Opal Necklace, Raw Opal Pendant, Gemstone Necklace, October Birthstone (552) AU$ 51. 00 $ 70. OPAL Raw Crystal - Natural Ethiopian opal Raw Crystal - etiopian opal Check out our raw opal ring selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our rings shops. Black Opal. . Raw Pink Opal ~ A variety of common opal, meaning that it displays no play of color like Precious Opals. Good form | Rough Australian Opal | Extra Large (884) $ 362. As a licensed Esthetician for over 13 years, my passion comes from the wonderful relationships and connections I build with my clients. 10 $ 0. Apply Close. Shape and Form. Price Price only - Ethiopian opal raw - $0. Add to wishlist 301 views, 25 likes, 11 loves, 2 comments, 5 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Wild Moon Magic: Ethiopian Opal Raw Form; Gem Grade The Hidden Stone's Personal Collection There are several Welo Opal Raw Form in Sterling Silver Pendant CuriousMuseCrystals Star Seller Star Sellers have an outstanding track record for providing a great customer experience—they consistently earned 5-star reviews, shipped orders on time, and replied quickly to any messages they received. 65ct Raw Ethiopian Opal As water evaporates, it leaves behind a silica deposit, signifying the conclusion of a patient journey lasting millions of years to form Precious Opal deep within the Earth. 760. 99. Which is what I did with some opals in raw form that I have. Learn about raw opal varieties: opal in its natural form, from raw opal rocks to unpolished fire opal and black opal. About Beadage; Raw Pink Opal Stud Earrings Organic Earrings Peruvian Opal Jewelry Free Form Earrings Opal Prong Set Earrings Raw Gemstones. The formation process involves the deposition and solidification of silica-rich gel within cavities or fissures in rocks, resulting in the unique play-of-color characteristic observed in opals. These opals are mainly found in Queensland, Australia. Check out our opal jewellery raw selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. 7oz Natural Australian Opal Stone, Coober Pedy In The Rough, Arrow Head Shape, Thick Colour Bar Regular price $490. 3115 East Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, United States. Raw Stones. 99 $ 24. Due to its amorphous property, it is classified as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of The most common types are precious opal, common opal, fire opal, boulder opal, matrix opal, and crystal opal. 30+ Original Price: $41. ’ Hyalite provided by ImagineralStore. 00. It forms from silica-rich water, just like other opals, but its purity and lack of color play give it an clear, watery look. Opal Raw Crystal, 200 Carat Lot Wholesale Rate Opal Uncut Raw, Opal Raw stone, Opal Rough Lot, Opal Raw Lot, Opal Rough Lot, Rough Opal Lot, (9) Sale Price $21. Image: Minakryn Ruslan / Canva. Cut (48,251) Items (48,251) Polished (145,048) Items (145,048) Rough (72,584) Items (72,584) Carving (942) Items (942) Drusy (70) Items (70) Geode (2) Items (2) Opal Raw Crystal, Opal Uncut Raw, Opal Raw stone, Opal Rough Lot, Opal Raw Lot. $24. Gemstone Form. Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica SiO₂·nH₂O; its water content may range from 3 to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6 and 10%. Free shipping on every order. Hours. 5 out of 5 stars "I got exactly what I paid for and some it was better than I expected and would recommend it to anyone that would like to see color in their opal they've purchased. Overall, the conditions required for their formation include the presence of silica-rich waters and low temperatures, which allow the silica to slowly settle into the spaces within rocks. Rough. 8520; Search. 4 raw opal size options for sale! Rough opals are unprocessed opal straight from the mines or from the agitation process of washing and tumbling. 98 Original Price $134. As low as $16. Here you'll find our company details, answers to frequently asked Rough opals are unprocessed opal straight from the mines or from the agitation process of washing and tumbling. 509-936-1305 opalrawbeauty@gmail. Equipped with cutting-edge technology, the lab ensures testing of raw materials to finished products and meeting customer specifications with accurate, reliable and timely results. Product type. Village Rock Shop. Conversely, uncut opal is a rough specimen taken straight from an opal mine. All this means is that the stone still holds its original shape that it had when it was excavated from the earth. Yes. Boulder Opals: Boulder opals form within ironstone matrix or host rock, and they often display a play of color against a natural brown or ironstone background. Due to the amorphous (chemical)physical structure, it is classified as a mineraloid, unlike crystalline forms of silica, which are considered minerals. FREE delivery Fri, Apr 26 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. The C2C3 extraction unit is close by while a dedicated pipeline of 97 km from ONGC-Hazira to OPaL ensures a continuous stable supply of Naphtha as required. Rainbow Opal. 79 $ 2. Go back Next Submit report 8 views in the last 24 hours. 626. 00 AUD Small Black Opal Ring Raw Opal Ring Raw Opal Twig Ring Raw Stone Ring Red Fire Opal Jewelry Raw Black Opal Free Form Raw Opal (1. Mosaic & Chip Opals. 00 AUD 100 Pcs OPAL Raw Crystals -Bulk Raw Opal, Rough Opal Welo Opal, AAA Grade Raw Opal,Rough, Opal Crystal, fire, Raw For Making Size: 3mm 5mm Joey Trevino. 09 MM Length - 21. Opal, Blue, Tumble Rough (By the Pound) High Quality Gemstone Rough . More information. $5. 00 (70% off) FREE shipping Add to Favorites 6 Raw Opal Stones Bulk Lot 7. Close-up, macro Rare boulder opal, mineral. So now what? Mineral oil is fine, if you wish, for storage of uncut opal rough. Opal Raw, Ethiopian Opal Rough, Loose Gemstone Oil Opal Rough, Opal Crystal Raw, Big Opal, Natural Opal Raw, Oil Opal 97 Ct, 36X26X18 R . All Natural Ethiopian Opal Raw Stones The stone(s) you purchase will be intui C$22. 5 on the Mohs scale. See all the latest news, stats and form info for Jimary Opal! Raw Mexican Opal Parcel, Raw Opal Crystals, Mexican Opal, Rough Gemstones Bulk, October Birthstone, Rough Opal Chips, PMOpal003 (2. 7k) Sale Price $101. daniel says Small Black Opal Ring Raw Opal Ring Raw Opal Twig Ring Raw Stone Ring Red Fire Opal Jewelry Raw Black Opal Free Form Raw Opal (1. Check out our raw ethiopian opal free form selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our rocks & geodes shops. Our Rough Opal Parcel contains some amazing black and light opals with a vivid play of colour. caters to the testing requirements of various process units, utilities and auxiliaries. Check out our raw form opal selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our gemstones shops. Opal Raw Beauty, Tempe, Arizona. 00+ Loading 70% off. The name ‘opal’ originates from the Greek word ‘opallios’ and the Roman word ‘opalus,’ both of which trace their roots to the Identifying Raw Opal: A Step-by-Step Guide | Identifying Raw Opal: A Step-by-Step Guide Opal is a mesmerizing Whether you are a gem collector, a jewelry designer, or simply an admirer of Raw Black Opal Stone Top A++ Ethiopian Natural Fire Opal Rough Crystals Lot | Raw Opals Stones Bulk for Tumbling | Opal Stone for Jewelry Making - 3 Pcs 1 offer from $5999 $ 59 99 Ethiopian Opal Gemstone Rough Uneven Shape Multi Fire Welo Ethiopian Opal Making Jewelry | Loose Rough 5 Pieces Size - 4x5-5x20 MM Ethiopian Opal Raw, Fire Play Opal, Opal Supply, Jewelry Making Stones, DIY Crystals, Energy Stone, Chakra Opal, Healing Opals, Birthstone, Good Luck Gemstones, Opal Rough, Rainbow Opal. Go back Next Submit report Low in stock, only 4 left. To learn more about these various cuts, please visit: https://australianopaldirect. from India. com. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Big Sale!! 2000 Carat Lots of Black Opal Rough Plus a Free Faceted Gemstone! (10. 50 $ 330. Mom And Sister. Price: $15. 4k) Sale Price $54. Opal is a mineraloid or crystalline form of silica. Check out our raw opal necklace selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pendant necklaces shops. Condition: New New. Opal gemstones form over a significant period, typically ranging from thousands to millions of years. 34. Min Max. FREE shipping Add to Favorites 26. Premium. 375 Carats Yowah Opal Real Ethiopian Opal Raw Pendant Necklace, Natural Rough Gemstone, Fire Play Energy Healing Opal Crystals, October Birthstone, Gift for Women,Silver Plated Jewelry 18 inch, AA+ Quality. Buy Raw Green Opal, Raw Small Crystals from our online store Village Rock Shop. Free shipping. Black Rhodium. 80 per carat Price only - Ethiopian opal Cabs - $10-25 per carat as per Quality . Check out our raw black opal selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our jewellery making & beading shops. . Country of Origin. Price: $7. Usually, this is done under water for a start so that dust and grime can first be washed away. Wide range of Opal both cut and uncut, gold & silver jewelry. 70+ Original Price: $22. 1. Raw opal Australian opals for sale online now. Under magnification synthetic opal display a structural pattern that looks like snakeskin, which tells gemologists that the stone is not natural. 82 Original Price: $283. $5 Free Shipping on orders over $50 ** *Out of stock You have other opal members of the family that are neat to have in a collection. Raw Green Opal. #opals #opal #roughopal #australianopal #australianopals #lightningridge #lightningridgeopal #nobbies #opalstones A key advantage for OPaL is Feedstock flexibility. You can include the green opal in any form of jewelry you like! And belly rings are not excluded. Opal Raw Beauty offers plant-based organic facials, gua sha fusion, facial reflexology, nano An amorphous form of silica, Opals contain water in their structural makeup - this makes them relatively soft, falling at approximately 5. Loading 75% off. Rough opal can be purchased in two forms, either as rough or rubs. 72 MM Height $3,600. By submitting this report, you confirm the information and claims in this form are accurate. Buy Black, Boulder or Crystal Opals. EARLY CYBER DEALS ARE IN THE APP! GET UP TO 60% OFF. It stimulates originality and creativity. 96. 3k) AU$ 136. If you have any questions about our products or your purchase, make sure to visit our customer service page. FREE delivery Apr 30 9k Gold - Australian Boulder Opal Doublet Hook Earrings. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Raw Opal Ring, Handmade Silver Ring, Three Stone Adjustable Ring, Fire Opal Ring, Antique Natural Jewelry, October Birthstone, Gifts For Her Nobbys can also form as random blobs. 20 Original Price $6. 00+ Original Price: $50. 100% genuine Australian gems. Go back Next Submit report Only 2 left and in 9 carts. 00 25% off "buy together" offer Add to Favorites This listing Raw Black Opal stud earrings, rough free form gemstone, October birthstone jewelry Check out our raw opal rock selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our gemstones shops. Healing - Encourages both freedom and independence. 81. Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO 2 ·nH 2 O); its water content may range from 3% to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6% and 10%. The stone’s vibrant green color really stands out against Check out our opal raw stone selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our gemstones shops. 68 $6. A brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item (including handmade items). 00+ Loading 65% off. Typical: $6. Wed Open. Sedona Vibes Crystals (1257) 100% positive; Seller's other items Seller's other items; Contact seller; US $29. Sale ends on January Shop gorgeous rough & raw opal earrings. You can identify them by looking at the color, pattern, and play of color of the stone. 20 (55% off) Add to Favorites OPAL ROUGH, Opal Uncut, (500 Carat-100 gram) Opal Raw lot, Opal multi fire Opal Raw rough 100% fire Opal Rough Lot Opal Rough Bulk Lot Check out our raw opals for sale selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our gemstones shops. 00 (70% off) FREE shipping Add to Favorites Opal Raw Beauty Studio offers plant-based, organic facials, microneedling, body waxing, lash lifts, brow lamination, lash and brow tinting, and womb steaming. FREE shipping Add to Favorites Raw Fire Opal Necklace • Gold Fill • Real Uncut, or rough opal is available in many forms. 14. In this guide, we'll take you Synthetic opal is made by creating the material and conditions for the formation of opal - in a lab. Discover their unique beauty. 30. 88 $ 6. otherwise leave me your email address in the contacts form at this site. 48. Opal Raw Crystal, 200 Carat Lot Wholesale Rate Opal Uncut Raw, Opal Raw stone, Opal Rough Lot, Opal Raw Lot, Opal Rough Lot, Rough Opal Lot, (3. 35. When you buy loose opals, what you see is the final product after cutting, shaping and polishing. Rough Opals 449. Old Gold Price $1,050. 0 out of 5 stars. 49. Add to Favourites Check out our opal raw rings selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our statement rings shops. An opal in its raw form, showcasing vibrant play-of-colour. Opal can be set as a Natural Solid, a Doublet or a Triplet Opal. 3k) $ 83. When you hold a rough opal in your hand, you’re holding a piece of the earth in its most natural form. 26. Raw stones have a waxy, dull luster that polishes to a vibrant shine. 99 $ 5. Opal enhances cosmic consciousness and induces psychic and mystical visions. Find the perfect raw opal stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. The online scheduler makes booking an appointment convenient and easy! Ask me about packages, I offer buy 6 get 1 free or buy 9 get 3 free! Opal Raw Beauty. Sort By: Faceted Ethiopian Opal - Mixed Sizes (10 Carat Lot) 10 Carats of Gorgeous Faceted Gemstones. Raw Opal. Mosaic and chip opals are two composite opals where pieces of opal are put back together into a new form. About . Although somewhat fragile, this colorful crystal can withstand being worn and makes striking pieces of jewelry. For chip opals, the opal pieces are mixed with resin and contained to harden into the desired shape. 00 Compare Showing 1 - 1 of 1 Price. sqoa cuw ycxbz sqcz lwv phow odm xecpbf wakdb lpqfvvfd