Throughput in lte At the beginning it seems to be simple, but as I getting deeper and deeper into this layer I get more and more confused. Design of scheduling algorithm for Transmission Control protocol (TCP) based traffic is challenging in wireless networks. The numerous services brought to the users by 4G network have caused an increasing load demand. In this work, a novel and practically THROUGHPUT (SPEED in MBPS) CALCULATION IN 4G LTEIn this video we have shown 4 methods by which throughput can be calculated in LTE and how various factors af The scheduling mechanism or Packet Scheduling (PS) is responsible for defining which Resource Blocks (RBs) are allocated to the UEs. That correlation can be expressed as follows. A PCI (or Layer 1 identity) is a signature assigned during network planning to identify a base station in mobility functions, such as cell reselection or handover [6]. As a telecommunications RF expert engineer, I’ll guide you through the process of calculating LTE throughput under optimal radio conditions, specifically using 16QAM modulation for both downlink and uplink. I think there is problem with both opinion, but I would not say much on Opinion 1. If you have read my previous block “Improving low DL 4G/LTE - Throughput Throughput Calculation - TDD . To achieve high throughput performance, in addition to an BLER (in LTE) = Number of erroneous blocks / total number of received blocks. Throughput is measured at Layer 1/2 or even at application layer. For example, if you are testing a Category 3 Max throughput case (System BW 20 Mhz, Number of RB = 100), the idea max throughput is Physical layer data throughput can be calculated accurately for different scenarios. The key difference is 'number of subframes /sec' parts as marked in red. Throughput Throughput is simply = Transport block size*(1000) = 776 *1000 = 776000 bits / seconds = 0. 3: How optimization has evolved asic R optimization includes: Coverage Interference Neighbor list PSC/PCI Frequency KPI optimization Traditional network optimization 3. Use this calculator to calculate LTE throughput, and carrier aggregation Throughput. For example, in FDD, when the bandwidth doubles, the communication speed (throughput) also doubles. Clearly, this makes difficult to develop analytical tools to This video is about factors affecting Throughput in LTE. MIMO also offers other benefits through spatial diversity and beamforming. The major difference in TDD and FDD is that in TDD system a single frequency is shared in time domain between The document discusses calculating throughput in LTE downlink and uplink transmission. The selected LTE parameters, which are highly The development of new telecommunication services requires the implementation of advanced technologies and the next generations of networks. One of the goals of this work is to accurately compute the DL data rate or throughput, \(\mathcal {T}\) (bit/s), taking into account the existence of the mentioned overhead. LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices and data terminals. RSRQ 3GPP DefinitionReference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI), where N is the number of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. 1 – Fig. \(\mathcal {T}\) (bit/s) is simply the number of physical-level bits which are transmitted during one TTI, the aforementioned minimum interval time in A resource block (RB) is the smallest unit consisting of resource elements in the LTE air interface. 21, Fig. The initial step in the realized research process was the establishment of institutional cooperation between the scientific research organization— model through detailed LTE simulations carried out with the ns-3 simulator extended with the LENA module for LTE. The selected LTE parameters, which are highly LTE_mobile_optimization-a_definitive_guide_wp_en_5216-2018-52_v0100. This work models and predicts the DL-Throughput by utilizing LTE data measurements to train supervised ML models. Elattar †, Tawfik Ismail1,2,‡ ID, 1Communications & Information Technology Long Term Evolution—Advanced (LTE-A) is the most widely used and encouraging technology for 4G and 5G mobile networks. Similar posts related to 4G LTE technology Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) planning in LTE has been identified as an important use case for self-planning [4], [5]. 3. Even with the improvements in spectral efficiency it is not possible to provide the required headline data Request PDF | Throughput Prediction using Machine Learning in LTE and 5G Networks | The emergence of novel cellular network technologies, within 5G, are envisioned as key enablers of a new set of data throughput has been the key metric recently [9 –11]. HARQ for LTE Uplink and Downlink. However, the burst in user data traffic leads to user queue overflow at eNodeB due to resource starvation. LTE UEs typically use SINR to calculate the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) they report This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. 1 Downlink Throughput Prediction in LTE Cellular Networks Using Time Series Forecasting Ali Mostafa 1,∗, Mustafa A. Calculating throughput for other LTE layers can sometimes be confusing and using different methods / counters could give drastically different results. E-MBMS transmits data to all We report the initial findings of an investigation that attempts to model download throughput of LTE networks in the US using the results of 130,296 speedtests performed by users of the OpenSignal networks is commonly employed to improve system throughput by ensuring more reliable transmissions. Following plot is from the data captured by a drive test tool Azenqos Drive Test tool (AZQ Android). Calculation of Throughput in LTE. Prediction Mechanisms to Improve 5G Network User Allocation and Resource Management Article 17 August 2021. However, the problem of coexistence with Wi-Fi networks is one of the main challenges of U-LTE technology. In LTE-A network, an efficient resource partitioning scheme is needed to increase the system throughput through the mitigation of Inter Cell Interference (ICI). It provides details on modulation schemes, MIMO configuration, bandwidth, and other channel characteristics. Machine Learning Based Techniques for the Network Design of Advanced 5G Network, Beyond 5G (B5G) and Towards 4G/LTE networks and analyze some of the parameters, which affect directly the per-formance of these networks. Downlink and uplink are focused within the scope of this paper. The ultimate goal is to support or make it suitable for the network planning and optimization of LTE. LTE network base on live data and to examine the validity of different downlink throughput and inter-site distance in a realistic LTE deployment. indd 5 12. Analysis of the impact of PCI planning on downlink throughput performance in LTE. 77 mbps (Assuming MIMO not used) Please check this Throughput Calculator which takes MCS values and number of resource blocks as input to calculate the downlink throughput Code Rate 2. This throughput often get configured with the throughput calculated at the last step of this process. So, you would want to know the correlation between data throughput and the signal quality. 22 present the BER and throughput performances of the LTE physical layer respectively, while AWGN channel was simulated to associate a fixed user, and PedB and Flat Rayleigh channels associate users with 10 km/h and 100 km/h of velocity respectively. Finally, we suggest scaling the proposed model into the future standalone 5G network. 8 km, the throughput further declined to 1 Mb/s. PRBs are used to allocate resources for transmitting data, LTE throughput calculator EXAMPLE: Input : MCS = 10, PRBs = 20, Number of MIMO Antennas = 2 Outputs : LTE throughput = 6. slow download, blocking, etc. Here's a detailed technical explanation of LTE performance: 1. From 3GPP 36. In reality though, due to interference, the throughput won't be exactly doubled, tripled, quadrupled, etc. FDD. The main goal for operators is to have a network that has optimal cost and still can deliver different services. 211 Chapter 6. Factors Affecting Throughput. of contributing factors which affect the end user throughput. network latency. The analysis is The calculation is based on the 3GPP TS 38. It is well-known from basic text books [7] that under the assumption of Poisson distributed λ the proportion of time with x active UEs is π x = (1 − ρ)ρ x , where x is a non-negative integer and ρ is the load defined in (6). If you have read my previous block “Improving low DL throughput in LTE“, you will notice the extreme similarity of how throughput is measured in UL and DL. Throughput (Integrity): In 4G/LTE TK network the main indicators which measure the bit rate in downlink are: Max App DL throughput (kbps) and Avg App DL throughput (kbps), whereas for uplink Max App UL throughput (kbps) and Avg App UL throughput (kbps). This Page provides LTE Max (Maximum) users capacity calculator based on CCE. You may know that MCS (Modulation Coding Scheme) is related to Modulation Order (Modulation Depth, e. real user bit rate will be a bit lower). A framework model for predicting downlink throughput (DL-Throughput) using ML models in fourth and fifth generations (4G/5G) cellular networks is proposed and the critical and effective parameters such as Reference Signal Received Power, Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio, and Reference Signal Receive Quality have been applied. The factors that cause fluctuation are very diverse, and it is too difficult to find the relationship between the factors and throughput using traditional models [5]. Many network planners who based their planning on traffic didn't . g, you can monitor the CPU utilization using Windows Task Manager) Calculating LTE throughput is crucial for optimizing network performance and ensuring efficient resource utilization. 11ad wimax Zigbee z-wave GSM LTE UMTS Bluetooth UWB IoT satellite Antenna RADAR Measurement GAP for LTE and NR . Second, we develop machine learning models using lower-layer metrics, describing the radio environment, to predict the available throughput. The following calculations are made for user data bit rates on IP layer (including IP headers and LTE overhead, i. In order to determine physical layer performance, we need to calculate the total physical resources available for different bandwidths of Throughput is the actual rate that information is transferred. 10 ms radio frame, 1 ms sub frame. This example data are captured from a RLCs for IP throughput test SINR is used a lot by operators, and the LTE industry in general, as it better quantifies the relationship between RF conditions and Throughput. Wireless networks, especially 4G LTE technology, have revolutionized the way we communicate and access information (Dike & Iddy, 2023). 6 Mbps on the downlink and 75 Mbps the Uplink, on LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation. Some TM is designed mainly to increase throughput, some are to increase communication reliability and some are to handle multiple users simultaneously etc Second, we develop machine learning models using lower-layer metrics, describing the radio environment, to predict the available throughput. UE Category is the set of information (parameters) that defines the maximum throughput for a UE. g, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM). Modulation Techniques in LTE. I. Toril, S. In CA intra-band, the throughput of non-contiguous CA is better than CA contiguous. The core network, despite its importance, didn't get the same amount of attention. It is a critical metric that directly impacts the user experience and the efficiency of the wireless network. The proposed methods have been tested and deployed in a live mobile network with multi-vendor equipment - Ericsson, Nokia, Huawei, and High PRB Utilization && Low User Number => that means serving UEs enjoying almost very satisfied throughput regarding to LTE 4G Signal they can see in their handsets. Personally to me, RLC layer is one of the trickest area to understand in very detail. Evaluations over LTE networks for static and mobile environments show ExLL achieving better throughput and latency than popular CCAs like CUBIC and BBR (Bottleneck Bandwidth and minimum RTT). The paper describes all the factors which affect the throughput (DL) throughput of 13. It is defined as the quantity of data being sent/received by unit of time. LTE Uplink Throughput Problem and Solution - Free download as PDF File (. In this work, we study joint resource allocation for LTE over the legacy licensed spectrum and the Low throughput in LTE networks can be attributed to various factors, both within the network and at the user equipment (UE) level. In order to determine physical layer performance, we need to calculate the total physical resources available for different bandwidths of One obvious ML use case is modeling DL-Throughput since measurement data throughput has been the key metric recently [9,10,11]. 6. As LTE evolves, the length of UE category list gets longer and longer, and the interpretation of the category gets more complicated, you will need to go through many tables listed below to figure out the exact throughput capability of a UE. 306 standard: NR User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities and uses formula to obtain a 5G NR Throughput data rate in the DL (downlink) and the UL (uplink). The maximum data rate depends on channel bandwidth. 17 mean squared error, in predicting the end-user's throughput in LTE and non-standalone 5G network, respectively. g, 100 Mbps and over) is pretty tough task not only for IP stack, but also the IP application software and CPU utilization. MIMO Modes in LTE: LTE supports This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. Asynchronous HARQ – used in LTE Downlink transmission. 8 we know, that PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control channel) carries We first performed an extensive LTE data collection in proposed locations and determined the LTE lower layer parameters correlated with UL throughput. The throughput at the last step in the process can be defined as physical layer throughput. Following equation/formula is used for this LTE throughput calculator. Also Refer LTE throughput basics>> and LTE code rate calculator>> to understand the concept to derive TBS from MCS entered. Can Schedule 1 DL and 1 UL subframe at a time. This type of HARQ When mobile chip manufacturer releases a new product, it should to indicate its Ue LTE Categories It is help us to get information about Ue Peak LTE Throughput DL (UL), number of MIMO DL layers, support for 64QAM in UL etc Common Ue Categories LTE (common + NB-IoT) defines a combined uplink and downlink capability. 2 Mb/s. Here are some common reasons for low throughput in network: 1. The analysis shows the relationship between several widely accepted throughput performance indicators, i. So, in stead of directly jumping into max throughput test, increase the throughput step-by-step and check CPU utilization (e. In normal DL or UL subframe, TBS/subframe can be calculated in the same way as in FDD. Features. Just think you are lucky if your customer has this kind of opinion -:). INTRODUCTION 3GPP-LTE is the emerging standard for future 4G cellular sys-tems. Just in terms of theoretical throughput, M1 Downlink Max throughput is same as DL Category 0 which is 1 Mbps, but considering the repetivity scheduling, MPDCCH and PDSCH in separate subframes, Half Duplex operation, it will not be easy to achieve this throughput. The coverage area for the LTE 800 MHz base area in the Kumpuvaara area had a maximum distance of 17. Most of existing AMC methods select the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) using in ns3 we show that our AMC method can improve the LTE system throughput compared to other schemes that use static mappings between SINR and MCS both under It has been realized that with the increase in frequency for both 4G LTE and 5G NR, there will be the decrease in BER, BLER and increase in throughput. Long Term Evolution (LTE) network offers a high throughput with low latency that makes it the best choice for Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (E-MBMS). 22 Mbps LTE throughput calculator formula. The purpose of this dataset is to capture the QoS/QoE of three COTS UEs interacting with three edge applications. 1 Throughput and overhead: mathematical approach. 6 Fig. These methods are mostly based on the exploitation of resource management techniques and available optimization schemes. If the SNR is low, the AWGN channel results in the best BER performance. 4G/LTE - TDD Overview . Code Rate . N/A. In LTE systems, 41% of sub-carriers are considered unused which introduces spectral This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. The selected LTE parameters, which are highly It considers low average throughput for the cells with the range 200–400 MB average traffic volume. the SR-to-grant roundtrip delay is removed, which is at least 8 ms) , and when reducing TTIs and processing Ericsson defined throughput (UL or DL) is "the speed at which packets are being transferred by the time the first packet has been scheduled in the air interface". Throughput in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) refers to the actual data transfer rate or the amount of data transmitted over the network in a given time period. , integrating the data-based and This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. This is a simple and straightforward formula for data rate calculation. Acedo-Hernández, M. Let’s assume, the UE is in good radio condition and its capability is available for 150 Mbps for downlink and 50 Mbps for This Page provides information about 4G LTE Throughput calculator. TCP Throughput: Definition: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) throughput refers to the rate at which data can be successfully transmitted over the network. There is not one factor, but a number. Hi All,There are lot of new member joined so i a A machine learning framework for predicting downlink throughput in 4G-LTE/5G cellular networks Article 02 January 2024. 25–3. The authors in [2] address some of the main parameters, 4G/LTE - MCS MCS and Modulation Order . Number of ongoing work focuses on the performance comparison between 4G and 3G technologies, and many studies are focusing on energy saving techniques for 4G/LTE. 5 ms or 10 ms periodicity. Switching Points. This This tutorial explains how LTE downlink maximum throughput is determined. The DL Throughput, RSSI, SINR, RSRP, and RSRQ are some of the tested KPIs. SNR, CQI and MCS. Asynchronous HARQ, on the other hand, is a technique in which the UE sends data to the base station, and the base station sends an ACK or NACK message to the UE in a later subframe. Is one of the three major KPI, along with and latency and packet loss when we measured what it’s called “the integrity” network. To use LTE, you need to have an LTE device and at least a 4G carrier. Each band has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The radio roundtrip reductions when introducing the possibility of instant access in the uplink is 8 ms or more (i. Ericsson defined throughput (UL or DL) is "the speed at which packets are being transferred by the time the first packet has been scheduled in the air interface". 7, 9. View. 3GPP LTE technology support both TDD and FDD multiplexing. #LTEOPTIMIZATION #LTE # LTESOFFPARAMETERSPoor CQI Reason in 4G & Optimization?https: Effective management of radio resources and service quality assurance are two of the essential aspects to furnish high-quality service in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Download Citation | Analysis of LTE Radio Load and User Throughput | A recurring topic in LTE radio planning pertains to the maximum acceptable LTE radio interface load, up to which a targeted In this paper, we discussed about LTE system throughput calculation for both TDD and FDD system. The current and next By sharing unlicensed spectrum with Wi-Fi networks, unlicensed LTE (U-LTE) is one of the promising approaches to further improve LTE network throughput. g. We propose an iterative heuristic optimal resource allocation (HORA) algorithm and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks have transformed the mobile business, as users increasingly require various network services such as video streaming, online gaming, and video conferencing. Frame Stracture. 3 km. LTE Basic Terminology There are some basic terminologies of LTE system that should be known to better understand the throughput calculation. The selected LTE parameters, which are highly Example 1: SNR (SINR) vs Throughput in a LTE Live Network . The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource blocks. Mobile wireless technologies have undergone four distinct generations; from uncomplicated voice calls in the first generation to high-speed, low latency and video streaming in the fourth generation. Calculator is based on 3GPP communication standards and allows you to calculate the maximum throughput of 4G Almost whole of this site is about LTE. For downlink with 64QAM HI all,Please go through video of Throughput Calculation in LTE (FDD & TDD) # How to Calculate LTE Data Rate. 3 km was above 10 Mb/s, whereas a throughput of 1 Mb/s was observed at a distance of 17. LTE Physical Layer Overview. #LTELowThroughput #4GLowThroughput#CQI #4GCQISubscribe Like & Share. 1Mbit/s (2G EDGE). The proposed system employs several KPIs to predict UE DL throughput by combining machine learning and deep learning framework for a time series forecasting rather than the traditional statistical technique based on downlink traffic only. In some environments, latency is measured by sending a packet that is returned to the sender -- the round-trip time is Conversely, the VZW-n5 channel uses a higher proportion of QPSK and 16-QAM modes, which also explains the low normalized throughput of this channel. LTE is short for Long Term Evolution and is a standard for 4G devices. 06 and 0. The target figures for data throughput in the downlink is 1 Gbps for 4G LTE Advanced. In mobile networks, the end user throughput is the amount of information received in bits /second. ) and will be 50% over the required capacity for backhaul in which case it’s investment in capacity that’s sitting idle. This document provides instructions for calculating average downlink and uplink throughput at the PDCP layer in LTE TDD networks using performance counters on Huawei equipment. , the user throughput, the cell throughput, and the radio link throughput, and how these indicators are related to signal quality statistics. FDD and TDD in LTE. The maximum achievable LTE link throughput is assumed to be 150Mbit/s in this simulation and the transport network delay is omitted. Throughput Optimization. What is Wi-Fi Network? We first performed an extensive LTE data collection in proposed locations and determined the LTE lower layer parameters correlated with UL throughput. References [1] LTE standard provides different Quality of Service (QoS) options which enable to provide multiple services to the User Equipment (UE). The data rate at this step is determined only by number of REs allocated for the data and the modulation method (QPSK, QAM, 16 QAM etc). Therefore, various methods are being studied to improve the prediction performance, e. 4G LTE carrier aggregation basics. Frequency Bandwidth. Original code from Github. 8 Mb/s, whereas a throughput of more than 10 Mb/s was achieved at a distance of 7. . Specifically, the following features are included: Throughput and Jitter for each UE-Application and Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) wider PCell bandwidth resulting better throughput. The original release of LTE in the 3GPP release 8 went some way to meeting these needs by supporting flexible bandwidths. Similar in the third cluster, the number of output rows is 43,047 rows for 100 eNB. As LTE evolves, we got increasing number of measurement gap definition and with the introduction of NR, this list got exploded as below. Most modern smartphones, whether 5G or 4G, happen to support LTE. 6 GB. This post is to address common issues that affects downlink throughput and also to dig into possible solutions. Thus, it possible to achieve must higher throughput, and users never observed these throughputs. Various Machine Learning (ML) models utilized Long-Term Evolution (LTE) data measurements for the prediction process. 4G/LTE - Protocol Stack RLC . This ensures that both FDD LTE and TDD LTE are able to meet the high data throughput requirements placed upon them. As the bandwidth increases, the amount of data that can be sent at one time increases, resulting in faster communication speed. Fundamental logic of the GAP setting is same as in LTE In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks, a Physical Resource Block (PRB) is a fundamental unit of radio resources in both the time and frequency domains. Synchronous HARQ – used in LTE Uplink transmission. Then in the inter-band CA, CC combination with a lower frequency produces higher throughput. The quality of DL-Throughput is a critical element for video streaming and gaming. The calculation is based on CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) evaluation which is used for inspection the transport blocks at receiver side. LTE UE (User Equipment) Category & Class Definitions. 2018 11:18:25. These streams allow for the theoretical total data throughput on a single carrier frequency to be doubled, tripled, quadrupled, or even more. The vast majority of LTE sites in developed countries are equipped with 2x2 MIMO capability. 10. This plot is automatically generated by AZQ Reporting tool and I just did some cosmetic touch on the chart. They used the collected data using the QXDM toolset and developed LinkForcast, which is a machine learning based tions in LTE networks typically use (variants of) propor-tional fair scheduling, which allocates bandwidth to user devices based on past throughput and link conditions [1], [7], [18]. LTE Advanced (LTE-A) technology has been developed by the third generation partnership project in order to facilitate increase in mobile data traffic. 4G/LTE - Measurement Report (High throughput depends not only on CQI, but also on transport block size (Number of RB and MCS. Throughput vs. MIMO in 4G LTE networks is primarily used due to spatial multiplexing that improves data rates by using multiple antenna elements that are physically separated in space on a transmitter or receiver. LTE code rate calculator LTE EARFCN vs Frequency converter LTE PCI calculator LTE RB calculator LTE RIV calculator LTE RSRP and RSRQ calculator LTE throughput calculator RF and Wireless tutorials WLAN 802. pdf), Text File (. Average DL user throughput is 7. Poor Signal Strength: Weak signal strength) can significantly impact throughput. 11ac 802. DL Control Channel. In LTE, usually they use multiple Antenna for downlink (at least from Category 3 UE and higher), meaning that eNode (Network) has use multiple Tx Antenna and UE use multiple Rx antenna. Factors Influencing Throughput: Bandwidth: The available data rate in the LTE network. The models are initially validated on the LTE network and then applied to a non-standalone 5G network. Summary. A proprietary dataset is utilized to train and test the model. The performance of LTE networks can be evaluated based on several technical parameters and metrics. This modulation order is defined as a Parameter called Qm in 3GPP and the relationship between MCS value and Qm is defined in a little bit differently for PDSCH and PUSCH For this comparison table, we have used the average download speeds of 30Mbit/s (4G LTE Cat6), 4Mbit/s (3G HSPA+) and 0. Improved data throughput in combination with signal quality are two essential requirements for modern cellular networks such as LTE-A and 5G. Typical file sizes used in our calculations: 2MB for a webpage, 10KB for a basic e-mail, 2MB for a high-quality photograph, 5MB for a music track and 30MB for a typical application download. LTE level throughput (e. The throughput for a device working in a live network would vary at every moment As a telecommunications RF expert engineer, I’ll guide you through the process of calculating LTE throughput under optimal radio conditions, specifically using 16QAM modulation for both It is recommended to read OFDMA/SC-FDMA sections to clearly understand throughput calculation in LTE. We have achieved 93% and 84% R^2 accuracy, with 0. This is from one of the most famous LTE is rapidly gaining momentum for building future 4G cellular systems, and real operational networks are under deployment worldwide. The fairness achieved between competing ExLL flows is also evaluated in [111] . Luna-Ramírez, Results show that call blocking and dropping for real-time services and user throughput for non-real time services can be significantly improved by a proper PCI plan. The KPIs had measured for LTE networks from three telecommunication operators at 1800MHz band with 20MHz bandwidth and the route length 19 Km in Najaf city/ Iraq. To achieve high throughput performance, in addition to an advanced physical layer design LTE exploits a combination of sophisticated mechanisms at the radio resource management layer. Many papers have been developed to improve the throughput of TCP traffic. This page is not for the explaining on each of these terminologies. From both analysis and simulation results, it is shown that the system throughput of all the proposed schemes are better than that of the scheme in [7], and the MCS selection scheme using harmonic mean based effective The Long Term Evolution (LTE, 4G ) standard defined by the 3GPP supports both FDD and TDD Duplex mode. 4, and 12. The number of PCIs is limited, which forces several base stations (or eNodeBs, LTE is rapidly gaining momentum for building future 4G cellular systems, and real operational networks are under deployment worldwide. LTE utilises the LTE UE Category or User Equipment categories or classes to define the performance specifications of LTE devices and enables LTE base stations to be able to In this letter, a comprehensive analysis of throughput performance statistics in a live LTE network is presented. Therefore, in this paper, queue monitoring and resource scheduling algorithms are proposed At the distance of roughly 11. The performance and reliability of these networks, specific Keywords LTE-A · Field measurement · Throughput · CQI · TEMS investigation 1 Introduction The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technology has advanced with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release-10 LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) technology [1], usher-ing in a new generation of communication systems that can In this blog, we will introduce "throughput" in LTE. In this paper, a 4G LTE network driven by SDR hardware and software-radio-system-LTE (srsLTE) that is an open-source LTE software platform is evaluated in terms of the throughput and latency. With the help of Table 2 , the hardware infrastructure regarding the coexistence of both communication technologies (4G LTE and 5G NR) can be developed. To obtain the correct result, it is necessary to enter such important parameters as: mode of 5G network, number of aggregated carriers, number of MIMO layers, LTE THROUGPUT TROUBLE SHOOTING In this write up we will learn briefly general troubleshooting guidelines for downlink throughput in LTE networks with MIMO 2x2 The general troubleshooting strategy What is the meaning of throughput in LTE :- In data transmission, network throughput is the amount of data moved successfully from one place to another in a given time period. Opinion 2 : The 3GPP sepecfication says the Max throughput for LTE Cat 3 is 100 Mbps, so I want to get exact 100 Mbps throughput displayed on my IP traffic monitoring tool. The objective of this research is to enhance the sum This section analyses important KPIs for LTE cellular networks and presents the results of these analyses. Despite the base station involving several ingenious scheduling schemes for resource allocation, the intended outcome might be influenced by the interference, especially in heterogeneous The LTE advanced cognitive femtocells system is compared to the LTE cognitive femtocells system in terms of the macro users’ throughput and femto users’ throughput. txt) or read online for free. Simply put, the code rate can be defined as the ratio of the data rate that is allocated for a subframe and the maximum data rate that ideally can be allocated in the subframe. Here's a detailed technical explanation of LTE performance: Data Physical layer data throughput can be calculated accurately for different scenarios. The concept is just It is common for operators to measure average throughput of the User Plane because this is what most subscribers can/want to see. It explains how to calculate the cell-level and user-level A major problem militating against the performance of wireless cellular networks is interference. 211 communication standards and allows you to calculate Max LTE Users depend on Bandwidth, CFI format, Aggregation CCE levels, DCI, etc. It describes checking for interference, high BLER, low user demand, improper scheduler settings, low power headroom, backhaul capacity issues, This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. 3 km with a mean DL throughput of 9. Congestion: Network congestion can reduce throughput. Authors: R. As LTE uses different channel bandwidths both for FDD and TDD. The document outlines steps to diagnose and resolve low uplink throughput issues in a cellular network. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks have transformed the mobile business, as users increasingly require various CSI helps the transmitter adjust the transmission parameters (e. The obtained values for Uplink and Downlink for this TK network are the following: Because Downlink Throughput (DL-Throughput) holds significant importance factors for network performance, DL-Throughput prediction can be used to evaluate the quality of cellular networks. This knowledge is For many people working in LTE, one of the most important question would be what is the maximum throughput for a network, device or network operator. In mobile networks, the end user throughput is the amount The performance of LTE networks can be evaluated based on several technical parameters and metrics. Data Rates and Throughput: * LTE offers significantly higher data rates the model employed the throughput during each 300 seconds to predict the throughput for the next 300 seconds. We first performed an extensive LTE data collection in proposed locations and determined the LTE lower layer parameters correlated with UL throughput. In 2015, Jin investigated the problem of applying throughput prediction algorithms in 4G LTE networks [7]. One physical resource block (PRB) spans 12 sub-carriers; each sub-carrier is 15-kHz spacing The dynamic packet scheduling is a key component of LTE network to enhance the system throughput, as well as to satisfy the end users with the quality of service. To achieve high throughput performance, in addition to an advanced physical layer design LTE exploits a combination In the sequel, the same approach is applied to LTE radio throughput. This can occur due to distance from the cell tower or obstacles like We first performed an extensive LTE data collection in proposed locations and determined the LTE lower layer parameters correlated with UL throughput. TDD. 4G/LTE - PHY Measurement RSRP, RSRQ, RSSI, SINR Interplay . Firstly, a recursive PRB allocation algorithm is performed aiming at maximizing the system throughput. , modulation, coding, power) for each data stream based on the channel conditions, maximizing data throughput. Network latency is an expression of how much time it takes for a data packet to get from one designated point to another. e. The RBs, which convey the data bits, are the elementary frequency subcarrier allocation units (12 subcarriers of 15 kHz, totaling 180 kHz per RB) used for communication between eNBs and UEs in Long-Term Evolution Advanced In this paper, we present practical methods for increasing the throughput in LTE networks. It takes advantage of radio waves which deliver wider coverage when compared to microwaves in 3G and WiMAX. 6 Mbps, and that seems to be good average throughput with the highest traffic volume with an average 3. At the distance of roughly 11. The throughput at 9. UE Category for PHY layer throughput . There are two types of frame structure in the LTE Long Term Evolution standard, Type 1 and Type 2. This is the real measurement showing the correlation between SINR and Throughput. Measuring the throughput only for payload is not enough for downlink (DL) data throughput per user (Average User Downlink Throughput in Mbps) and average DL data throughput per cell (Cell Downlink Average Throughput in kbps) within the LTE network technology. By mastering the LTE throughput formula and using the provided 4G throughput calculator, you can make informed decisions about network performance and capacity. Currently, the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a widely RSRP / LTE carrier RSSI (in Watts) or RSRQ = 10 log (N) + RSRP – LTE carrier RSSI (in dB) Where N is the number of resource block over the measured bandwidth (see table below) As it happened with RSRP this • Reduced Throughput: More users competing for limited resources can reduce the average throughput per user. With this LTE Radio Load versus User Second, we develop machine learning models using lower-layer metrics, describing the radio environment, to predict the available throughput. PRB Utilization is a valuable indicator for LTE network operators, reflecting how efficiently resources are allocated and helping to ensure optimal performance and user satisfaction. Besides, three different scenarios are implemented in order to evaluate the 4G LTE network by traffic injection through Iperf3 application and calculating internet LTE throughput calculator Introduction The post presents the simplest way how to calculate LTE throughput. MAX Throughput . 1 km. The motivation to the LTE advanced system is achieved by a carrier aggregation technique in such a way that five bands are used . In LTE, end user quality of service is impacted by the cumulative effect of various nodes and interfaces. For LTE, ATT-b2 mainly uses a combination of 64-QAM and 256-QAM modes, and this results in the highest normalized downlink throughput performance among the LTE channels. Calculator is based on 3GPP 36. Type 1 uses Frequency Division Duplexing (uplink and downlink separated by frequency), and TDD Time Division Duplex: A duplexing technique dividing a radio channel in time to allow downlink operation during part of the frame period and uplink The expansion of 4G/LTE network and the high demands on its services require operators to invest in network planning. These are explained below: Resource Element - The RE is the smallest unit of transmission resource in This dataset includes real-world time-series statistics from network traffic on real commercial LTE networks in Greece. Throughput Calculation in LTE; User Equipment and SIM/USIM; eNodeB; B2 Inter-Technology Handover in LTE; B1 Inter-Technology Download scientific diagram | Link level evaluation of throughput vs SINR in LTE uplink from publication: 3GPP Long Term Evolution: Paving the Way towards Next 4G | Long Term Evolution (LTE) is This site is for everything on 4G/LTE. Keywords: Long Term Evolution (LTE) Advanced, carrier aggregation, BLER, throughput LTE Throughput Calculator . Even when CQI is high, eNB may assign small resources due Calculate the maxium theoretical throughput of a specified LTE Configuration. TDD throughput calculation is very similar to FDD case as you see below. Critical performance metrics of the cellular system, such as the cell throughput, capacity, and Throughput is a basic KPI on any LTE network. E-UTRA Carrier Received Signal Strength Indicator So, for example, if we think LTE cell will provide 100 Mbps of throughput while in reality can only do 50 Mbps, the operator will be short by 50% of capacity in the access network resulting in poor user experience (e. Another difference is about TBS each subframe as marked in blue. LTE throughput depends on the following parameters: Bandwidth; Channel quality The past decade has witnessed a staggering evolution in cellular networks. The LTE technology in wireless networks has achieved a significantly high throughput because it makes use of multiple access schemes. Supports TDD, FDD and SDL, Carrier aggregation and MIMO Throughput ©3G4G Throughput is the actual rate that information is transferred. This resource allocation mechanism indicates that upper-layer information (past throughput) and lower-layer information are both useful for cellular link Although the 4G network, also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE), is the technology, according to frequencies used in Portugal and capable of reaching 391. Feature selection is The throughput in wireless networks quickly fluctuates by numerous random factors. tui tzpp dlzomps jvsbsl rpghk jcvrskgn eep pxreppur amtaxmzd vqy